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91.
临床护士锐器伤调查与预防 总被引:46,自引:11,他引:35
目的探讨护士预防锐器伤的对策。方法对某所综合性医院193名护士在2004年1月~2005年6月发生的锐器伤进行问卷调查。结果46.1%护士发生锐器伤,人均1.6次;发生锐器伤的锐器主要是注射器针头(36.7%),其次是玻璃(32.4%);护士主要在掰安瓿(29.5%)、使用后处理锐器(22.3%)、安装调整针头(15.8%)、医护配合传递锐器(10.1%)等环节容易发生锐器伤;有79.1%护士发生锐器伤时未戴手套。结论护士面临锐器伤职业危险,各方应当采取对策,预防和控制锐器伤。 相似文献
92.
岛状皮瓣静脉淤血再通后对大鼠全身情况的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的:探讨岛状皮瓣静脉淤血再通后对全身多脏器的影响。方法:按静脉淤血时间的不同将大鼠分为4组。观察耳部微循环的改变,测量术后肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα),白细胞介素10(IL-10)的动态变化,观察心,肺,肝,肾,小肠及耳部血管等组织结构及中性粒细胞浸润数目。结果:皮瓣原位缝合组及静脉淤血2h组,耳部微循环、TNFα、IL-10浓度基本保持不变,各脏器结构改变较轻,中性粒细胞浸润数目少。静脉淤血6、10h组,微循环,肺,小肠,血管则有明显组织学改变,大量中性粒细胞浸润其中,但心,肝,肾组织学改变较轻。TNFα浓度再灌注1h达到高峰,其后逐渐下降,IL-10浓度3h达到最低,然后逐渐上升。结论:皮瓣静脉淤血再通后可造成肺、小肠及血管器官损伤,静脉淤血时间越长,再通后则损伤程度越重。全身微循环的改变,中性粒细胞在肺、小肠中的浸润,与血管内皮细胞的粘附及细胞因子TNFα与IL-10的浓度失衡是重要的操作原因。 相似文献
93.
大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞静脉移植对脊髓损伤的修复作用 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
目的初步探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)静脉移植对脊髓损伤后神经功能恢复和神经修复的影响。方法体外培养BMSCs,改良Allen法制备大鼠脊髓损伤模型,经尾静脉移植Brdu标记的BMSCs,损伤后24h、移植后1、3、5周评价实验动物的神经功能状况,并检测BMSCs在体内迁移、存活以及分化情况,电子显微镜观察组织形态学变化。结果移植的BMSCs在宿主损伤脊髓中聚集并存活,3~5周后有部分移植细胞表达神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、神经丝蛋白(NF)、微管相关蛋白(MAP2);BMSCs静脉移植组大鼠运动功能改善,BBB评分高于对照组(P〈0.05);5周后组织学观察,与对照组相比移植组损伤区脊髓结构较完整。结论BMSCs经静脉移植后可向脊髓损伤处聚集并存活分化,促进神经修复及神经功能的恢复。 相似文献
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95.
AM Manganoni† C Farisoglio† G Tucci† F Facchetti‡ PG Calzavara Pinton† 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2007,21(10):1333-1336
BACKGROUND: Development of more than one primary melanoma in a patient is a relatively uncommon but well-recognized phenomenon. Its frequency has ranged from 1.2% to 8.2% in several series. This subgroup of patients with multiple primary lesions has not been characterized sufficiently. We report the experience of the Melanoma Unit of University Hospital Spedali Civili of Brescia, Italy. METHOD: Study subjects were drawn from 1240 patients with histologically confirmed melanoma, including melanoma in situ. From this group, multiple melanomas developed in 47 patients (3.79%). Every one of our patients has been taught to perform self-examination of the skin to detect suspicious pigmented lesions. RESULTS: Of the 47 patients described in this study, 38 had two primary melanomas, 7 had three melanomas and 2 had 5 and 10 melanomas, respectively. Mean age at first diagnosis was 46.2 years. The majority of subsequent melanomas (74.5%) were removed within 5 years of the initial operation. Synchronous lesions were found in 10 patients. In male patients, the lesion appeared most frequently on the trunk; in female patients, melanoma appeared mostly on the lower extremities. The second primary melanomas developed in the same anatomic region from the first in 53.2% of our patients. The proportion of in situ to invasive melanomas was greater for the second melanomas compared with the first melanomas. Regarding invasive melanomas, the mean thickness of the first melanomas was 1.31 mm compared with 0.66 mm for the second ones. Dividing patients into two groups, of more and less than 50, it is highlighted that in older patients synchronous lesions appear more frequently (36.4% vs. 8.0%); the median time interval between sequential melanomas is longer (84 vs. 63.7 months); and the ratio between the primary and secondary melanoma mean thickness is lower (1.21 : 1.08 vs. 1.43 : 0.63 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms that second primary melanoma is usually thinner than the first lesion, and it is more common in the same region of the body as the initial melanoma. The highest risk for a second melanoma is during the first 5 years, but a much longer time interval of 28 years is possible. Continued medical follow-up with complete skin examinations seems prudent, but it is very important to promote self-skin evaluation in patients to detect not only metastases but also subsequent primary melanomas in their earliest phases. 相似文献
96.
97.
98.
目的探讨低血流期间无销对再灌注心脏功能恢复的影响。方法采用等客收缩大鼠灌流心脏模型,低血流期以无钠的Krebs-Henseleit(K-H)液灌注.San-ei362型多道重理记录仪,测定再灌注不同时刻左心宝功能及乳酸脱氨酶活性.结果再灌注30min.在各相应时刻,缺钠组左心室收缩压(LVSP)、心率(HR)、左心室内压最大上升速率(dp/dtmax)的恢复均显著高于对照组(P<0.001),左心室舒张期末压(LVEDP)显著低于对照组(P<0.001),乳酸脱氢酶数据低于对照组。结论低血流缺血间无销减轻了心脏血液动力学的损害,心肌乳酸脱氢酶的漏出减少,这可能与因低血流期间无销细胞内钠超负荷减轻有关。 相似文献
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100.
Guidotti T. L.; Watson L.; Wheeler M.; Jhangri G. S. 《Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)》1996,46(4):265-274
This is the first round in a series of surveys conducted inFort McMurray as part of the Fort McMurray Demonstration Projectin social marketing. This component of the survey was intendedto focus on the most prominent group of employed workers inthe community and to compare their patterns of response withthe community as a whole. Respondents to the survey were overwhelminglymale (96%), married (72.9%) and living in households of twoto five persons (87.9%). They were predominantly aged 30–44(55%) and graduates of high school (53.5%). Younger male workers(below age 30) were more likely to have a high school diploma(78.3%) or some additional technical or vocational training(21.7% compared to 12.5% overall) and to be unmarried or separated.Attitudes toward safety-related behaviours were stronger thanfor respondents from the community as a whole. Approximately70–100% of all age groups and both sexes showed strongagreement with attitudes involving child car seats and the unacceptabilityof drinking and driving. These attitudes include strong advocacyof vigorous enforcement of occupational health and safety standards.However, they showed a variability similar to the communityas a whole in behaviour at home compared to work, generallyreporting more consistent use of personal protection on thejob than in their own homes, particularly hearing protection.Even so, they were much less likely to perform stretching andwarm-up exercises prior to exertion than community residentsin general. The potential may exist to transfer the technologyand attitudes from workplace health and safety to communitysafety. One possible strategy to accomplish this is to involveworkers in this industry directly in community initiatives.This strategy may be generalizable to any community in whichthere are major employers who place a heavy emphasis on riskcontrol and occupational health and safety. 相似文献